There is much controversy over the rapidly multiplying artificial intelligence (AI) data centers. Local impacts seem most intense on electrical and water usage.
Much of that could be averted by localities requiring such centers to generate their own electricity and utilize local water only for human (bathroom, food prep, cleaning, fire suppression and landscaping) needs.
In other words, employ system power and cooling modalities which do not rely on water evaporation or generate high noise levels. I'm imagining a closed refrigeration system shedding heat via buried geothermal leach fields or equivalent.
If it turns out such limitations send the AI centers to locales where water and hydro power are abundant, so be it. Data travels at or near the speed of light, which for most practical purposes is instantaneous.