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The Citadel is, on the outside, a classical early 19th century fortification: moat, wall with projections to provide intersecting fields of fire, etc. On the inside the Citadel is a series of palaces, each of which features separate quarters for the military mandarins (generals) and civil mandarins (other government leaders). Apparently the only contact they had was to argue their (often conflicting) viewpoints before the emperor. I’m not sure things are much different in today’s
Public transport seems limited, I saw few buses devoted to anything except tourism. Road traffic consists of many motorcycles, mostly light-weight, some bicycles, a few buses, a very few autos, and many trucks, mostly large. I am not surprised that people prefer private motorcycles over public transport; where they can afford autos, people prefer them over public transport too. We did see one large piece of furniture, like an armoire, being delivered on a three-wheel bicycle. Oddly, we didn’t see tuk-tuks (three-wheeled motorcycles with a covered seat for two in back) like Thailand has used, possibly because the entrepreneurship needed to buy tuk-tuks and operate them as taxis isn’t permitted in a communist state.
It is odd to drive along immersed in Asian culture and then occasionally see a yellow hammer and sickle on a blood-red background. Communism feels “grafted-on” to Vietnamese society. My guess: someday it will disappear quickly here as it did in